This study evaluates the capability of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The goal is to assess the influence of membrane features on the complete treatment effectiveness. A range of PVDF hollow fiber membranes with varying pore sizes and surface textures are used in this study. The bioreactor is maintained under con
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a promising approach for treating wastewater due to its ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration, resulting in an efficient and versatile platform for water treatment. The
Nanobubbles are emerging as a groundbreaking solution in the agricultural sector. These tiny gas bubbles, measuring just nanometers in diameter, possess unique properties that improve plant growth and crop yields. By introducing nanobubbles into irrigation systems or soil amendments, farmers can amplify nutrient uptake, promote root development, an